References

  1. Still GF: On a form of chronic joint disease in children.

    Med Chir Trans 1897 , 80:47-59. OpenURL

  2. Sarnat BG: The Temporomandibular Joint. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas; 1951. OpenURL

  3. Ronchezel MV, Hilario MO, Goldenberg J, Lederman HM, Faltin K Jr, de Azevedo MF, Naspitz CK: Temporomandibular joint and mandibular growth alterations in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

    J Rheumatol 1995 , 22:1956-1961. PubMed Abstract OpenURL

  4. Pedersen TK, Jensen JJ, Melsen B, Herlin T: Resorption of the temporomandibular condylar bone according to subtypes of juvenile chronic arthritis.

    J Rheumatol 2001 , 28:2109-2115. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  5. Karhulahti T, Ylijoki H, Ronning O: Mandibular condyle lesions related to age at onset and subtypes of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in 15-year-old children.

    Scand J Dent Res 1993 , 101:332-338. PubMed Abstract OpenURL

  6. Billiau AD, Hu Y, Verdonck A, Carels C, Wouters C: Temporomandibular joint arthritis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: prevalence, clinical and radiological signs, and relation to dentofacial morphology.

    J Rheumatol 2007 , 34:1925-1933. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  7. Engstrom AL, Wanman A, Johansson A, Keshishian P, Forsberg M: Juvenile arthritis and development of symptoms of temporomandibular disorders: a 15-year prospective cohort study.

    J Orofac Pain 2007 , 21:120-126. PubMed Abstract OpenURL

  8. Pedersen TK, Kuseler A, Gelineck J, Herlin T: A prospective study of magnetic resonance and radiographic imaging in relation to symptoms and clinical findings of the temporomandibular joint in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

    J Rheumatol 2008 , 35:1668-1675. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  9. Ronning O, Valiaho ML, Laaksonen AL: The involvement of the temporomandibular joint in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

    Scand J Rheumatol 1974 , 3:89-96. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  10. Twilt M, Mobers SM, Arends LR, ten Cate R, van Suijlekom-Smit L: Temporomandibular involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

    J Rheumatol 2004 , 31:1418-1422. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  11. Larheim TA, Hoyeraal HM, Stabrun AE, Haanaes HR: The temporomandibular joint in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Radiographic changes related to clinical and laboratory parameters in 100 children.

    Scand J Rheumatol 1982 , 11:5-12. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  12. Larheim TA, Haanaes HR: Micrognathia, temporomandibular joint changes and dental occlusion in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis of adolescents and adults.

    Scand J Dent Res 1981 , 89:329-338. PubMed Abstract OpenURL

  13. Stabrun AE, Larheim TA, Hoyeraal HM: Temporomandibular joint involvement in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical diagnostic criteria.

    Scand J Rheumatol 1989 , 18:197-204. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  14. Wallace CA, Ruperto N, Giannini E: Preliminary criteria for clinical remission for select categories of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

    J Rheumatol 2004 , 31:2290-2294. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  15. Sidiropoulou-Chatzigianni S, Papadopoulos MA, Kolokithas G: Mandibular condyle lesions in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

    Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2008 , 45:57-62. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  16. Kuseler A, Pedersen TK, Gelineck J, Herlin T: A 2 year followup study of enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and clinical examination of the temporomandibular joint in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

    J Rheumatol 2005 , 32:162-169. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  17. Argyropoulou MI, Margariti PN, Karali A, Astrakas L, Alfandaki S, Kosta P, Siamopoulou A: Temporomandibular joint involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: clinical predictors of magnetic resonance imaging signs.

    Eur Radiol 2008 , 19:693-700. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  18. Weiss PF, Arabshahi B, Johnson A, Bilaniuk LT, Zarnow D, Cahill AM, Feudtner C, Cron RQ: High prevalence of temporomandibular joint arthritis at disease onset in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, as detected by magnetic resonance imaging but not by ultrasound.

    Arthritis Rheum 2008 , 58:1189-1196. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  19. Muller L, Kellenberger CJ, Cannizzaro E, Ettlin D, Schraner T, Bolt IB, Peltomaki T, Saurenmann RK: Early diagnosis of temporomandibular joint involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a pilot study comparing clinical examination and ultrasound to magnetic resonance imaging.

    Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009 , 48:680-685. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text OpenURL

  20. Twilt M, Arends LR, Cate RT, van Suijlekom-Smit LW: Incidence of temporomandibular involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

    Scand J Rheumatol 2007 , 36:184-188. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  21. Rohlin M, Petersson A: Rheumatoid arthritis of the temporomandibular joint: radiologic evaluation based on standard reference films.

    Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1989 , 67:594-599. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  22. Hu YS, Schneiderman ED: The temporomandibular joint in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: I. Computed tomographic findings.

    Pediatr Dent 1995 , 17:46-53. PubMed Abstract OpenURL

  23. Cahill AM, Baskin KM, Kaye RD, Arabshahi B, Cron RQ, Dewitt EM, Bilaniuk L, Towbin RB: CT-guided percutaneous steroid injection for management of inflammatory arthropathy of the temporomandibular joint in children.

    AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007 , 188:182-186. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  24. Lamer S, Sebag GH: MRI and ultrasound in children with juvenile chronic arthritis.

    Eur J Radiol 2000 , 33:85-93. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  25. Emshoff R, Brandlmaier I, Bodner G, Rudisch A: Condylar erosion and disc displacement: detection with high-resolution ultrasonography.

    J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003 , 61:877-881. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  26. Jank S, Emshoff R, Norer B, Missmann M, Nicasi A, Strobl H, Gassner R, Rudisch A, Bodner G: Diagnostic quality of dynamic high-resolution ultrasonography of the TMJ – a pilot study.

    Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005 , 34:132-137. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  27. Jank S, Haase S, Strobl H, Michels H, Hafner R, Missmann M, Bodner G, Mur E, Schroeder D: Sonographic investigation of the temporomandibular joint in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a pilot study.

    Arthritis Rheum 2007 , 57:213-218. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  28. Twilt M, Schulten AJ, Verschure F, Wisse L, Prahl-Andersen B, van Suijlekom-Smit LW: Long-term followup of temporomandibular joint involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

    Arthritis Rheum 2008 , 59:546-552. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  29. Scarfe WC, Farman AG, Sukovic P: Clinical applications of cone-beam computed tomography in dental practice.

    J Can Dent Assoc 2006 , 72:75-80. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  30. Huntjens E, Kiss G, Wouters C, Carels C: Condylar asymmetry in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis assessed by cone-beam computed tomography.

    Eur J Orthod 2008 , 30:545-551. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  31. Kofod T, Norholt SE, Pedersen TK, Jensen J: Unilateral mandibular ramus elongation by intraoral distraction osteogenesis.

    J Craniofac Surg 2005 , 16:247-254. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  32. Ince DO, Ince A, Moore TL: Effect of methotrexate on the temporomandibular joint and facial morphology in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients.

    Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2000 , 118:75-83. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  33. Moen K, Kvalvik AG, Hellem S, Jonsson R, Brun JG: The long-term effect of anti TNF-alpha treatment on temporomandibular joints, oral mucosa, and salivary flow in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study.

    Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2005 , 100:433-440. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  34. Sherry DD, Stein LD, Reed AM, Schanberg LE, Kredich DW: Prevention of leg length discrepancy in young children with pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis by treatment with intraarticular steroids.

    Arthritis Rheum 1999 , 42:2330-2334. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  35. Allen RC, Gross KR, Laxer RM, Malleson PN, Beauchamp RD, Petty RE: Intraarticular triamcinolone hexacetonide in the management of chronic arthritis in children.

    Arthritis Rheum 1986 , 29:997-1001. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  36. Aggarwal S, Kumar A: A cortisone-wrecked and bony ankylosed temporomandibular joint.

    Plast Reconstr Surg 1989 , 83:1084-1085. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  37. Haddad IK: Temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis. Histopathological study of the effects of intra-articular injection of triamcinolone acetonide.

    Saudi Med J 2000 , 21:675-679. PubMed Abstract OpenURL

  38. Kopp S, Carlsson GE, Haraldson T, Wenneberg B: Long-term effect of intra-articular injections of sodium hyaluronate and corticosteroid on temporomandibular joint arthritis.

    J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1987 , 45:929-935. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  39. Martini G, Bacciliero U, Tregnaghi A, Montesco MC, Zulian F: Isolated temporomandibular synovitis as unique presentation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

    J Rheumatol 2001 , 28:1689-1692. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  40. Arabshahi B, Dewitt EM, Cahill AM, Kaye RD, Baskin KM, Towbin RB, Cron RQ: Utility of corticosteroid injection for temporomandibular arthritis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

    Arthritis Rheum 2005 , 52:3563-3569. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  41. Schroeder SM, Cannizzaro WE, Kellenberger C, Peltomaki T, Saurenmann RK: Temporomandibular Joint Arthritis in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Efficacy of Intraarticular Corticosteroid Injection as Measured by MRI and Clinical Examination.

    Arthritis Rheum 2008 , 58:S717. OpenURL

  42. Tzaribachev N, Fritz J, Holzer U, Pereira PL, Horger M, Kuemmerle-Deschner J: JIA – A Silent "Killer" of the Temporo-mandibular Joints.

    Arthritis Rheum 2007 , 56:S375. OpenURL

  43. Ringold S, Torgerson TR, Egbert MA, Wallace CA: Intraarticular corticosteroid injections of the temporomandibular joint in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

    J Rheumatol 2008 , 35:1157-1164. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  44. Stoustrup P, Kristensen KD, Kuseler A, Gelineck J, Cattaneo PM, Pedersen TK, Herlin T: Reduced mandibular growth in experimental arthritis in the temporomandibular joint treated with intra-articular corticosteroid.

    Eur J Orthod 2008 , 30:111-119. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  45. Kristensen KD, Stoustrup P, Kuseler A, Pedersen TK, Nyengaard JR, Hauge EM, Herlin T: Quantitative histological changes of repeated antigen-induced arthritis in the temporomandibular joints of rabbits treated with intra-articular corticosteroid.

    J Oral Pathol Med 2008 , 37:437-444. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  46. Stoustrup P, Kristensen KD, Kuseler A, Pedersen TK, Gelineck J, Herlin T: Intra-articular vs. systemic administration of etanercept in antigen-induced arthritis in the temporomandibular joint. Part II: mandibular growth.

    Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2009 , 7:6. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text OpenURL

  47. Kristensen KD, Stoustrup P, Kuseler A, Pedersen TK, Nyengaard JR, Hauge E, Herlin T: Intra-articular vs. systemic administration of etanercept in antigen-induced arthritis in the temporomandibular point. Part I: histological effects.

    Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2009 , 7:5. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text OpenURL